This paper surveys emerging mobility services in order to highlight the key points of the concept of “mobility as a service” and to develop an index that evaluates the level of mobility integration of each service.

Key findings

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Mobility as a service is based on three main principles: Ticket & payment integration, packaged or combined mobility services, and an integrated information interface.

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Combined ticket and payments systems have been used in cities around the world since 1997 in Hong Kong. The “Octopus card” included a single fare system for the city’s bus, taxi, subway, train, tram and ferry services that allowed users to pass through fare collections points 15% to 20%faster.

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The mobility service SHIFT in Las Vegas owns and operates a variety of transportation modes including shuttles buses, bike sharing, car rental and car sharing. The service allows travelers to pre-pay for a monthly pass that combines all modes and charges based on the total amount of time spent traveling.

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