Ten years into the race to build self-driving cars, many developers, analysts and even venture capital firms say robot cars won't go mainstream for another decade or more.

Key findings

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Investments in self-driving cars surged from $6 billion in 2015 to more than $60 billion in 2018.

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Self-driving cars require redundant camera, radar and lidar, which is like radar for light waves, to mimic the ability to see. The sensors offset one another's strengths and weaknesses.

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A major catalyst for development will be whether companies can collaborate on resolving incidents, with or without a regulatory framework, said Alexandre Marian, a managing director at consultancy firm AlixPartners.

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