"This paper assesses alternative fuel options for transit buses. We find that all alternative fuel options lead to higher life cycle ownership and external costs than conventional diesel. When external funding is available to pay for 80% of vehicle purchase expenditures (which is usually the case for U.S. transit agencies), BEBs yield large reductions (17–23%) in terms of ownership and external costs compared to diesel."

Key findings

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"BEBs reduce life cycle ownership and external costs by 11–18% compared to conventional diesel. Relative cost performance of alternative fuel buses are worse for the 60-foot buses compared to 40-foot buses."

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"Rapid-charging BEBs achieve lower costs than slow-charging BEBs due to double dividends of smaller batteries used in rapid-charging BEBs."

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